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Created in the U. S. War Department on March 3, 1865, the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, under Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard, it was originally intended to assist postwar poor whites and freed enslaved people in the defeated South. Its most controversial actions naturally related to social, political and economic integration of…

This is a drawing of a pontoon bridge train on the road.  These trains were brought from Washington and traveled overland south toward Stafford.  At the Occoquan River, the water was too high, so they transferred the pontoons and horses to ships to complete the trip.  Part of the delay was due to the necessity…

Commodore Nutt, pictured on the left, visited Stafford and helped review the troops with Lincoln.  Nutt was no stranger to Lincoln.  Nutt came to fame when P.T. Barnum hired him in 1862 to be a performer at his New York and Florida museum.  Nutt was best man for Tom Thumb’s wedding which was held in…

During the “Valley Forge” Period, General Hooker had the men eating good food, wearing new uniforms and boots, drilling, and showing pride in their units.  The Union Army’s “Valley Forge” ended on April 27, 1863 with the beginning of the Chancellorsville Campaign (battles of Second Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Salem Church). Although again ending in defeat,…

Hooker’s most significant reform was the creation of the Army of the Potomac’s Cavalry Corps. Combining all cavalry elements in the army into a single large organization of 17,000 men and horses, dramatically increased the operational possibilities. The Cavalry Corps could fight as a single unit, conduct large scale raids, or fight with individual divisions…

This photo is a studio image of a Sharpshooter in full regalia, including leather leggings, a fur covered knapsack, and a special hat.  Notice he is still armed with a Colt Revolving Rifle.

Hiram Berdan was an engineer and inventor as well as being a colonel of the famed United States Volunteer Sharpshooter regiments.  He was considered their guiding force as well as a world-renowned marksman.

This photo was taken by an unknown photographer.  He asked the Provost Guard to stand still for a photograph.  The picture was enlarged to show the faces of Caldwell and Abbott.  They did not appear “happy.”

The Sharpshooters’ unhappiness with their Colt Revolving Rifle was due to its tendency to accidentally fire from several chambers.  They finally received their Sharp’s breech-loading rifle while they were in Falmouth.

The men were probably unhappy about their weapons. They were still armed with the Colt revolving rifle.

In his diary, Wyman White wrote that the Sharpshooters while in Falmouth were required to pull a guard mount that amounted to two hours on duty and four hours off duty for five straight weeks.

Standing in front of Eddie Brook’s house in Falmouth are the Second United States Sharpshooters. (The house, also known as the O’Bannon house, use to stand in the NE corner of the junction of Warrenton Road and today’s Route 1)  . The Second United States Sharpshooters were organized in 1861.  They were known for their…